{"id":3294,"date":"2026-01-22T17:21:04","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T16:21:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/cro-services\/cardiovascular\/in-vivo-models\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T09:31:44","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:31:44","slug":"in-vivo-models","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/cardiovascular\/in-vivo-models\/","title":{"rendered":"In vivo models"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<section id=\"header-modeles-block_97097bc3748134f5a40328c55ce9d441\" class=\"header-modeles alignfull\">\r\n  <div class=\"header-modeles__inner\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"header-modeles__container\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"header-modeles__top\">\r\n                  <div class=\"header-modeles__title\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/etap-lab-syncrosome-full-color-rgb-900px-w-72ppi.png\" alt=\"Cardiovascular\" \/>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        \r\n                  <a class=\"header-modeles__back\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/cardiovascular\/\">\r\n            <span class=\"header-modeles__back-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2190<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"header-modeles__back-label\">Cardiovascular<\/span>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"header-modeles__bottom\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"header-modeles__tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Navigation mod\u00e8les\">\r\n\r\n                      <a\r\n              class=\"header-modeles__tab is-active\"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/cardiovascular\/in-vitro-models\/\"\r\n              role=\"tab\"\r\n              aria-selected=\"true\"\r\n            >\r\n              In vitro models            <\/a>\r\n          \r\n                      <a\r\n              class=\"header-modeles__tab \"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/cardiovascular\/in-vivo-models\/\"\r\n              role=\"tab\"\r\n              aria-selected=\"false\"\r\n            >\r\n              In vivo models            <\/a>\r\n          \r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"header-modeles__breadcrumb\">\r\n          <nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Fil d&#039;Ariane\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/nav>        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6ea5bcae wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\r\n<nav id=\"menu-modeles-block_754b495dda37a1423b5f2c7d5cd26a1c\" class=\"menu-modeles\" aria-label=\"Menu mod\u00e8les\">\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"menu-modeles__inner\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"menu-modeles__head\">\r\n      <h2 class=\"menu-modeles__title\">\r\n        <span class=\"menu-modeles__title-prefix\">Pharmacology<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"menu-modeles__title-suffix\"><em class=\"menu-modeles__title-em\">In vivo<\/em> models<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"menu-modeles__body\">\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__groups\">\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Right heart failure<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                  <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-175\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-204\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Pulmonary embolism<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                          \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Left heart failure<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                  <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-177\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Left heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-178\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Left heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                          \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Fibrinolysis and anticoagulants<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                  <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-176\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Pulmonary embolism<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-195\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Thromboembolic stroke<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-196\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Hemorrhagic stroke<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-203\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Bleeding model<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                          \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Pharmacokinetics (PK) and neuro-PK<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                        <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#cat-193\">\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Pharmacokinetics (PK) and neuro-PK<\/span>\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                        <\/a>\r\n                      <\/li>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n        <\/div>\r\n      \r\n      <div class=\"menu-modeles__footer\">\r\n        <a class=\"menu-modeles__plateformes\" href=\"#nos-plateformes\">\r\n          Our platforms        <\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><em>in vivo<\/em> pharmacology models in Cardiovascular diseases<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-vivo-header-cardology.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2842\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-vivo-header-cardology.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-vivo-header-cardology-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-vivo-header-cardology-1024x200.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-vivo-header-cardology-768x150.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-l-font-size\"><strong>For more than 25 years<\/strong>, <mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-orange-color\">SYNCROSOME<\/mark> has been offering support in conducting <em>in vivo<\/em> pharmacology studies targeting cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. We offer a comprehensive portfolio of rodent models of heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In addition, we have several models of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), each associated with specific features of metabolic syndrome\u2014including obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and kidney disease\u2014alongside fibrosis and inflammation. <br>We provide you with our expertise, technical capabilities, and dedicated platforms for small\u2011animal surgery and imaging to support the evaluation of your lead compounds and drug candidates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-m-font-size\"><br>Our models are validated with a panel of reference compounds and are suitable for evaluating both symptomatic treatments and disease\u2011modifying therapies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">CONTACT AN EXPERT<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:0\">\r\n<section id=\"liste-modeles-block_f2602e812f8f93af23839c7fcec87c5f\" class=\"liste-modeles\">\r\n  <div class=\"liste-modeles__inner\">\r\n\r\n    \r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-fibrosis-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-fibrosis\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-173\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Right heart failure              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Right heart failure is characterized by the inability of the right ventricle to effectively pump blood toward the lungs. This dysfunction often results from a chronic increase in pressure within the pulmonary artery, as seen in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Faced with this persistent overload, the right ventricle undergoes remodeling, progressively leading to impaired cardiac function.<\/p>\n<p>Syncrosome\u2019s portfolio enables you to evaluate the effects of your drug candidates in recognized and validated pathological models designed for the pharmacological assessment of cardiac function, as well as cardiac and pulmonary arterial tissue remodeling.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-175\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3438\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Hypoxia model<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The hypoxia model is a classic approach to induce moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension in animals. It relies on the induction of chronic hypoxia using specially designed hypoxia chambers. The model is characterized by persistent pulmonary vasoconstriction, followed by moderate remodeling of the pulmonary arteries.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart imaging\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-VEVO-heart.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3440\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Sugen-Hypoxia<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The SUGEN\u2011hypoxia model combines the injection of a VEGF receptor inhibitor with prolonged exposure to hypoxia to induce progressive and severe pulmonary hypertension accompanied by right\u2011ventricular heart failure. This model reproduces most of the clinical features observed in humans, including plexiform lesions in the pulmonary arterioles. It is considered the reference model for studying advanced forms of PAH, allowing the evaluation of therapies targeting complex vascular remodeling, cell proliferation, or endothelial dysfunction. Its severity and stability make it a powerful tool for generating highly translational preclinical data.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn-pah-cardiopulmonary-right-heart.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3442\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Monocrotaline (MCT)<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The monocrotaline (MCT) model is one of the most widely used approaches for the experimental induction of PAH. A single injection of MCT causes marked endothelial and inflammatory injuries in the pulmonary arterioles. Mimicking the human disease, the model is characterized by progressive vascular remodeling and right\u2011ventricular hypertrophy. This quick model is useful for the rapid screening of therapies targeting various key features of PAH. Its well\u2011characterized kinetic allows optimization of therapeutic windows and the generation of robust data to demonstrate the efficacy of your drug candidates.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart imaging\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-PAH-right-heart.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-204\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Pulmonary embolism                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3444\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Pulmonary embolism model induced by injection of autologous clots<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The pulmonary embolism model induced by injection of autologous clots relies on preparing and injecting pre\u2011formed calibrated clots into the jugular vein to selectively obstruct the pulmonary arteries. This model reproduces the acute increase in pulmonary pressure observed in human clinical settings, along with significant stress on the right ventricle and secondary vascular remodeling. The severity of the condition can be adjusted based on the amount of thrombotic material used. Its strong reproducibility and rapid implementation make it suitable for quickly evaluating the efficacy of thrombolytic, vasodilatory, or cardioprotective treatments.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart.jpg\" alt=\"\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-174\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Left heart failure              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Left heart failure is characterized by an impaired ability of the heart to deliver sufficient cardiac output to meet the demands of the systemic circulation. It results from chronic hemodynamic stress, such as increased afterload, or ischemic myocardial injury, and is associated with progressive structural and functional cardiac remodeling.<\/p>\n<p>Our platform enables the direct evaluation of therapeutic candidates in both HFrEF and HFpEF models, integrating comprehensive assessments of left ventricular function by echocardiography, cardiac remodeling, and cardio-renal-metabolic interactions.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-177\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Left heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>In many patients with extensive ischemic heart disease or myocardial infarction, the pathology progresses toward a reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction defining HFrEF.<\/p>\n<p>Our rat models reproduce key characteristics of the human HFrEF.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3445\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Permanent coronary artery ligation model<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The permanent left coronary artery ligation model is based on the definitive ligation of this artery, inducing a large myocardial infarction and progressive left\u2011ventricular failure. It recapitulates key mechanisms of post\u2011infarction remodeling: necrosis, inflammation, fibrosis, and long\u2011lasting impairment of cardiac function. This model is a robust tool for evaluating cardioprotective, antifibrotic, or regenerative therapies.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3446\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Ischemia-reperfusion injury model (IRI)<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The myocardial ischemia\u2013reperfusion (IRI) model consists in transient occlusion of the left coronary artery to reproduce the damage caused by tissue reperfusion following a treated myocardial infarction. This approach generates massive oxidative stress, acute inflammation, significant apoptosis, and early myocardial remodeling. This model provides an ideal platform for evaluating cardioprotective, antioxidant, or anti\u2011inflammatory therapies targeting reperfusion\u2011induced injury.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3447\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Isoproterenol-induced cardiac injury model<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The isoproterenol\u2011induced cardiac injury model is based on the repeated administration of this synthetic \u03b2\u2011agonist, which triggers acute cardiac stress leading to myocardial necrosis, marked inflammation, and rapid left\u2011ventricular remodeling. It reproduces diffuse lesions similar to those observed in myocarditis or stress\u2011induced cardiomyopathies. This quick model make it an effective tool for a rapid screening of cardioprotective, anti\u2011inflammatory, or antifibrotic therapies.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart imaging\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Syncrosome-cardio-IM-heart.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-178\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Left heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>HFpEF is driven by impaired ventricular filling due to increased myocardial stiffness, despite preserved systolic function. HFpEF is closely associated with metabolic comorbidities, including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, as well as with chronic kidney disease, which contributes to disease progression.<\/p>\n<p>Our rodent models recapitulate key HFpEF-associated cardiac dysfunction across multiple combinations of metabolic comorbidities.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3449\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Dahl rat model<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The salt\u2011sensitive Dahl rat model progressively and physiologically reproduces the mechanisms of HFpEF. When exposed to a high\u2011salt diet, these animals develop severe hypertension, concentric left\u2011ventricular remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and impaired cardiac relaxation, while maintaining a preserved ejection fraction. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart-1024x683.jpg\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"hfpef model -cardiology- in vivo left heart imaging\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/syn1-hfpef-cardiology-left-heart.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3451\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">BTBR ob\/ob mouse<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The BTBR <em>ob\/ob<\/em> mouse model reproduces a metabolic form of HFpEF, characterized by severe obesity, insulin resistance, renal dysfunction, and progressive diastolic impairment. These animals develop concentric left\u2011ventricular remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and impaired cardiac relaxation, while maintaining a preserved ejection fraction.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Mouse model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3452\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">db\/db mouse<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The <em>db\/db<\/em> mouse model reproduces a metabolic form of HFpEF associated with severe obesity and type 2 diabetes. These animals develop insulin resistance, systemic inflammation, myocardial fibrosis, and progressive impairment of ventricular relaxation, while maintaining a preserved ejection fraction. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Mouse model.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3453\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">L-NAME + high fat diet model<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The combined L\u2011NAME and high\u2011fat diet (HFD) model reproduces a multifactorial form of HFpEF, combining hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, obesity, and systemic inflammation. Inhibition of NO synthesis by L\u2011NAME induces a marked increase in blood pressure, while the HFD promotes the development of a metabolic syndrome with concentric remodeling, myocardial fibrosis, and diastolic dysfunction, all while maintaining a preserved ejection fraction. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Mouse model.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/header-strokalliance-1024x689.jpg\" alt=\"header-strokalliance\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-198\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Fibrinolysis and anticoagulants              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-176\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Pulmonary embolism                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Pulmonary embolism is defined as the sudden obstruction of one or more pulmonary arteries, most often by a blood clot. This blockage reduces blood flow to part of the lung, leading to impaired gas exchange and acute overload of the right ventricle.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3444\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Pulmonary embolism model induced by injection of autologous clots<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The pulmonary embolism model induced by injection of autologous clots relies on preparing and injecting pre\u2011formed calibrated clots into the jugular vein to selectively obstruct the pulmonary arteries. This model reproduces the acute increase in pulmonary pressure observed in human clinical settings, along with significant stress on the right ventricle and secondary vascular remodeling. The severity of the condition can be adjusted based on the amount of thrombotic material used. Its strong reproducibility and rapid implementation make it suitable for quickly evaluating the efficacy of thrombolytic, vasodilatory, or cardioprotective treatments.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-195\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Thromboembolic stroke                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3507\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a <strong>fibrinrich clot<\/strong> in the MCA. This clot is efficiently lysed by <strong>standard clinical fibrinolytics<\/strong> (Alteplase, Tenecteplase), reflecting the patient subgroup that responds to standard-of-care fibrinolytics. This makes the model a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for assessing the <strong>efficacy<\/strong> of your <strong>thrombolytic candidates<\/strong>. This model is also highly relevant for evaluating neuroprotective compounds in an experimental setting that closely mimics the clinical reality of the acute phase of stroke (with the presence of a thrombus and pharmacological recanalization achieved within a clinically relevant treatment window). It additionally enables the study of interactions with <strong>reference fibrinolytic treatments<\/strong>.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"497\" height=\"502\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/model-thrombine-orange.jpg\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"thrombin injection illustation in a rodent brain, showing clot and MCA-orange background\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/model-thrombine-orange.jpg 497w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/model-thrombine-orange-297x300.jpg 297w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 497px) 100vw, 497px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3520\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by FeCl\u2083 or AlCl\u2083 application<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a <strong>platelet\u2011rich clot<\/strong> that is resistant to standard fibrinolytics (Alteplase, Tenecteplase) but responsive to other thrombolytic agents such as N\u2011acetylcysteine. By reflecting the subpopulation of patients who fail to respond to standard\u2011of\u2011care treatments, this translational model is <strong>a powerful tool for assessing the efficacy and superiority of your candidates, combination therapies, and pharmacological interactions. <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3521\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model by autologous clot injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Injecting sizecalibrated autologous blood clots induces embolic occlusion of the proximal MCA segment. This model produces cortical and subcortical lesions similar to those observed in mechanical ischemia models. Mortality, deficit severity, and responsiveness to the reference fibrinolytic treatment (Alteplase) can be modulated by adjusting the amount of thrombotic material used for the embolic event. This original and wellcharacterized model enables the evaluation of a wide range of <strong>therapeutic strategies<\/strong>, together with longterm <strong>monitoring of functional recovery<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><a><\/a><a><\/a><a>ICH induced by collagenase injection<\/a>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides <strong>a valuable translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to evaluate the <strong>risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in rats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-196\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Hemorrhagic stroke                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3522\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">ICH induced by collagenase injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides a v<strong>aluable translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to <strong>evaluate the risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-203\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Bleeding model                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3585\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Tail bleeding assay<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The tail bleeding test is a goldstandard assay used to evaluate <strong>hemostasis<\/strong> and <strong>platelet function<\/strong> <em>in vivo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p>This model is sensitive to anticoagulant and fibrinolytic treatments commonly administered in the clinic, such as heparin, direct oral anticoagulants, or Alteplase. This model supports the evaluation of candidate efficacy across multiple drug classes, such as anticoagulants, procoagulants, and antiplatelet agents. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/pk-pd-molecule-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"pk-pd-molecule illustration\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-193\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Pharmacokinetics (PK) and neuro-PK              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Our pharmacokinetic studies are based on flexible kinetic models tailored to your drug candidate. We analyze standard biological matrices (plasma, serum, CSF) as well as key organs or anatomical regions to accurately characterize your molecule\u2019s tissue exposure. These robust and customizable approaches provide a solid foundation for your preclinical decisions.\u202f<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">PK model<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>We offer studies tailored to your PK and Neuro-PK needs, covering various administration routes (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, oral, intranasal, etc.) in both acute and chronic treatment paradigms. The <strong>bioavailability of your molecules<\/strong> is quantified across different compartments\u2014including blood, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, or any other tissue of interest. This approach provides reliable data to support decision-making and accelerate the development of your therapeutic candidates.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Available in mice, rats, and pigs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n    \r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<section id=\"nos-plateformes\" class=\"nos-plateformes alignfull is-theme-light\">\r\n\r\n  <!-- GRID -->\r\n      <div class=\"nos-plateformes__gridZone\">\r\n      <div class=\"nos-plateformes__container\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"np-grid\" role=\"list\" aria-label=\"Liste des plateformes\">\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#high-content-imaging\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Plateforme_Vitro_Pastille-High-Content-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"high content imaging results neurology\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">High-Content Imaging<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">ETAP-LAB provides a wide range of morphological and functional readouts within complex cellular models through High-Content Imaging technologies. Using the Operetta CLS&trade; platform (Revvity), we automate medium&#8209;throughput fluorescence imaging and integrate AI&#8209;enhanced image&#8209;analysis pipelines to deliver rapid, high&#8209;accuracy quantification of large datasets. Entrust your screening and lead-optimization campaigns to an expert team.<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#brain-on-chip-platform\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Plateforme_Vitro_High-Content_Photo-3_Quantif-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"high content imaging of in vitro results\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Brain\u2011on\u2011Chip platform<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">For several years, ETAP&#8209;LAB has been investing in R&amp;D programs aimed to engineer and scale-up brain&#8209;on&#8209;chip platforms, contributing to their routine adoption in preclinical CNS pharmacology. Built on compartmentalized microfluidic architectures, our brain&#8209;on&#8209;chip systems recreate the connectivity between spatially distinct neuronal populations maintained in different controlled microphysiological environments. This approach overcomes key limitations inherent to [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#small-and-large-animal-facilities\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ETL-EN-1-header-2-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"red light animal room\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Small and Large Animal Facilities<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">ETAP&#8209;LAB operates 1,000 m&sup2; of fully accredited facilities (A1\/A2 level), distributed across three sites with a total housing capacity of approximately 1,200 rodents. Our facilities are also authorized for Class 1 genetically modified mice and immunodeficient strains (NUDE and humanized). Each facility includes controlled&#8209;environment housing rooms, dedicated zootechnical areas, microsurgery platforms, and experimental rooms fully [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#preclinical-medical-imaging\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/photo-3-bis-CAEN.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"irm live on a screen\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Preclinical Medical Imaging<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">Through our long&#8209;standing partnership with the CYCERON imaging platform in Caen, located directly next to our facilities, we have privileged access to state&#8209;of&#8209;the&#8209;art medical imaging tools within an internationally recognized infrastructure. ETAP&#8209;LAB teams &ndash; trained, autonomous, and experienced &ndash; routinely use the following systems: A 7T MRI for high&#8209;resolution anatomical and functional imaging in rodents, [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#immunohistochemistry-immunofluorescence-and-histology\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/galeriephoto-microscopie-violet-Laboratoire-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"microscopy-violet-Laboratory\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, and Histology<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">Our fully integrated IHC, immunofluorescence, and histology platform manages the entire workflow &ndash; from tissue collection to data interpretation &ndash; ensuring coordination with our in vivo platform and preserving sample integrity throughout. This end-to-end know-how enables reduced turnaround times and reliable analyses across a panel of pre-validated biomarkers. 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We offer a comprehensive portfolio of rodent models of heart failure and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In addition, we have several models of heart failure with preserved [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"parent":3092,"menu_order":2,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3294","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>in vivo pharmacology models in Cardiovascular diseases - ETAP-LAB<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SYNCROSOME, your preclinical partner for in vivo pharmacology models in Cardiovascular diseases (PAH, HFpEF, HFrEF...).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/cardiovascular\/in-vivo-models\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"in vivo pharmacology models in Cardiovascular diseases - 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