{"id":3299,"date":"2026-01-22T17:21:13","date_gmt":"2026-01-22T16:21:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/in-vivo-models\/"},"modified":"2026-04-28T09:31:40","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T07:31:40","slug":"in-vivo-models","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/in-vivo-models\/","title":{"rendered":"In vivo models"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<section id=\"header-modeles-block_b620e6ce3a50a2253751a4a0045a9988\" class=\"header-modeles alignfull\">\r\n  <div class=\"header-modeles__inner\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"header-modeles__container\">\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"header-modeles__top\">\r\n                  <div class=\"header-modeles__title\">\r\n            <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/etap-lab-strok@lliance-full-color-rgb-900px-w-72ppi.png\" alt=\"Neurovascular &amp; Stroke\" \/>\r\n          <\/div>\r\n        \r\n                  <a class=\"header-modeles__back\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/\">\r\n            <span class=\"header-modeles__back-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2190<\/span>\r\n            <span class=\"header-modeles__back-label\">Neurovascular &amp; Stroke<\/span>\r\n          <\/a>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <div class=\"header-modeles__bottom\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"header-modeles__tabs\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Navigation mod\u00e8les\">\r\n\r\n                      <a\r\n              class=\"header-modeles__tab is-active\"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/in-vitro-models\/\"\r\n              role=\"tab\"\r\n              aria-selected=\"true\"\r\n            >\r\n              In vitro models            <\/a>\r\n          \r\n                      <a\r\n              class=\"header-modeles__tab \"\r\n              href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/in-vivo-models\/\"\r\n              role=\"tab\"\r\n              aria-selected=\"false\"\r\n            >\r\n              In vivo models            <\/a>\r\n          \r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"header-modeles__breadcrumb\">\r\n          <nav class=\"breadcrumb\" aria-label=\"Fil d&#039;Ariane\"><span><span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/\">Home<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/nav>        <\/div>\r\n\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6ea5bcae wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0;padding-left:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\r\n<nav id=\"menu-modeles-block_66179ab3401b9be8f5175e1650286141\" class=\"menu-modeles\" aria-label=\"Menu mod\u00e8les\">\r\n\r\n  <div class=\"menu-modeles__inner\">\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"menu-modeles__head\">\r\n      <h2 class=\"menu-modeles__title\">\r\n        <span class=\"menu-modeles__title-prefix\">Pharmacology<\/span>\r\n        <span class=\"menu-modeles__title-suffix\"><em class=\"menu-modeles__title-em\">In vivo<\/em> models<\/span>\r\n      <\/h2>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <div class=\"menu-modeles__body\">\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__groups\">\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Efficacy animal models<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                  <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-183\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Hemorrhagic stroke models (ICH)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-184\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Distal ischemic stroke models<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-192\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Proximal ischemic stroke models (MCAO)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                          \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Bleeding risk assessment<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                        <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#cat-186\">\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Bleeding risk assessment<\/span>\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                        <\/a>\r\n                      <\/li>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Drug interactions<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                        <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#cat-187\">\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Drug interactions<\/span>\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                        <\/a>\r\n                      <\/li>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Hemostasis and blood coagulation<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                        <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#cat-188\">\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Hemostasis and blood coagulation<\/span>\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                        <\/a>\r\n                      <\/li>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Fibrinolytics and thrombolytics<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                  <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-209\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Distal ischemic stroke models<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-210\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Proximal ischemic stroke models (MCAO)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                              <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-190\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Pulmonary embolism<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                          \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Neuroprotection and functional recovery<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                  <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                          <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#subcat-211\">\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Proximal ischemic stroke models (MCAO)<\/span>\r\n                            <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                          <\/a>\r\n                        <\/li>\r\n                                          \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <details class=\"menu-modeles__group\">\r\n              <summary class=\"menu-modeles__group-summary\">\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2191<\/span>\r\n                <span class=\"menu-modeles__group-title\">Pharmacokinetics (PK) and neuro-PK<\/span>\r\n              <\/summary>\r\n\r\n              <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel\">\r\n                <div class=\"menu-modeles__group-panel-inner\">\r\n                  <ul class=\"menu-modeles__items\">\r\n\r\n                                                                <li class=\"menu-modeles__item\">\r\n                        <a class=\"menu-modeles__link\" href=\"#cat-193\">\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-label\">Pharmacokinetics (PK) and neuro-PK<\/span>\r\n                          <span class=\"menu-modeles__link-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2192<\/span>\r\n                        <\/a>\r\n                      <\/li>\r\n\r\n                    \r\n                  <\/ul>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              <\/div>\r\n            <\/details>\r\n\r\n          \r\n        <\/div>\r\n      \r\n      <div class=\"menu-modeles__footer\">\r\n        <a class=\"menu-modeles__plateformes\" href=\"#nos-plateformes\">\r\n          Our platforms        <\/a>\r\n      <\/div>\r\n\r\n    <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><em>in vivo<\/em> pharmacology models in Neurovascular &amp; Stroke<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1280\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stk-vivo-stroke.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2756\" style=\"object-fit:cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stk-vivo-stroke.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stk-vivo-stroke-300x59.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stk-vivo-stroke-1024x200.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stk-vivo-stroke-768x150.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-l-font-size\"><strong><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-blue-light-color\">STROK@LLIANCE<\/mark><\/strong>, offers you the world\u2019s most innovative translational portfolio of animal models of stroke, implemented by a highly experienced team of experts 100% dedicated to preclinical stroke research.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-l-font-size\"><strong>Your one\u2011stop shop<\/strong> for pharmacological studies on stroke: the complementarity of our stroke animal models enables <strong>compliance with all <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/ressources\/\" id=\"28\">STAIR<\/a> recommendations<\/strong> and regulatory agency requirements within a single CRO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-l-font-size\">Thanks to our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/stroklliance-a-unique-alliance-for-excellence-in-preclinical-research-on-stroke\/\" id=\"2415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">privileged partnership<\/a> with a world\u2011renowned academic team, our protocols continuously evolve <a>to integrate the latest scientific advances in all project phases.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-m-font-size\">The efficacy of your molecules can be assessed using a set of complementary and multi\u2011scale approaches: anatomical and molecular medical imaging, neurofunctional imaging, behavioral monitoring, immunohistochemical analyzes, and molecular biology. Every parameter of the study design \u2013 administration route, timing, therapeutic regimen, readouts, group size, and inclusion of reference compounds \u2013 is customizable and carefully harmonized to meet your specific needs. <a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-primary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">Contact an expert<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-secondary\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/in-vitro-models\/\"><strong>Discover our <em>in vitro<\/em> models<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);margin-bottom:0\">\r\n<section id=\"liste-modeles-block_f3ac72366e684f07c28a24f2a3185183\" class=\"liste-modeles\">\r\n  <div class=\"liste-modeles__inner\">\r\n\r\n    \r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stroke-invivo-tracto2-mouse-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"stroke-invivo-tracto imaging in mouse\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-182\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Efficacy animal models              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-183\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Hemorrhagic stroke models (ICH)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Intracerebral hemorrhagic strokes (ICH) are characterized by an accumulation of blood within the brain parenchyma following the rupture of a blood vessel, leading to a cascade of inflammatory and neurotoxic events. Rely on our validated and wellestablished ICH animal models to accelerate the selection of your drug candidates by assessing their efficacy and strengthening your proofofconcept (POC). Our ICH models are also suitable for safety studies (bleeding risk) or pharmacological interaction studies (bleeding potentiation or antidotes).<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3502\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">ICH induced by collagenase injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides <strong>a valuable translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to <strong>evaluate the risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3524\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">ICH induced by autologous blood injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Stereotaxic infusion of a predetermined volume of autologous blood into the striatum generates a reproducible hematoma, inducing increased intracranial pressure, brain toxicity, and an inflammatory response associated with clear neurological deficits. This model provides a <strong>reliable tool<\/strong> for evaluating the efficacy of your drug candidates <strong>on edema, inflammation, or neuroprotection<\/strong>, while eliminating potential biases linked to their effects on bleeding volume.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Stereotaxic infusion of a predetermined volume of autologous blood into the striatum generates <a>a reproducible hematoma, inducing<\/a> increased intracranial pressure, cerebral toxicity, and an inflammatory response associated with clear neurological deficits. This model is <strong>a reproducible tool<\/strong> for evaluating the efficacy of your molecules on <strong>edema, <a>inflammation<\/a>, or neuroprotection<\/strong>, eliminating potential biases related to their effect on bleeding volume. <\/p>\n\n<p>Validated model available in rats. <\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-184\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Distal ischemic stroke models                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Our distal ischemic stroke models are induced by thrombotic occlusion of the M2 branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). They generate a focal cortical lesion whose characterization has demonstrated strong translational value in the acute phase of stroke, compared with mechanical or chemical stroke models. Our distal ischemic stroke models are available in different versions depending on the nature of the thrombi (fibrinrich vs. plateletrich) or the presence of a comorbidity.<\/p>\n<p>These models are highly relevant for your POC, PK\/PD, superiority efficacy studies, combination therapy studies, pharmacological interaction assessments, and assessment of hemorrhagic transformation risk. Designed for evaluating therapeutic strategies targeting thrombi or neuroprotection, several reference compounds are available.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3491\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a <strong>fibrinrich clot<\/strong> in the MCA. This clot is efficiently lysed by <strong>standard clinical fibrinolytics<\/strong> (Alteplase, Tenecteplase), reflecting the patient subgroup that responds to standard-of-care fibrinolytics. This makes the model a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for assessing the <strong>efficacy<\/strong> of your <strong>thrombolytic candidates<\/strong>. This model is also highly relevant for evaluating neuroprotective compounds in an experimental setting that closely mimics the clinical reality of the acute phase of stroke (with the presence of a thrombus and pharmacological recanalization achieved within a clinically relevant treatment window). It additionally enables the study of interactions with <strong>reference fibrinolytic treatments<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image.png\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"thrombin injection illustation in a rodent brain, showing clot and MCA-blue background\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image.png 501w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3493\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by FeCl\u2083 or AlCl\u2083 application<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a platelet\u2011rich clot that is resistant to standard fibrinolytics (Alteplase, Tenecteplase) but responsive to other thrombolytic agents such as N\u2011acetylcysteine. By reflecting the subpopulation of patients who fail to respond to standard\u2011of\u2011care treatments, this translational model is a powerful tool for assessing the efficacy and superiority of your candidates, combination therapies, and pharmacological interactions. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3503\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection in diabetic animals<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p><a>This thrombotic model reproduces a h<strong>ighrisk clinical population<\/strong>, as diabetes increases lesion volumes as well as the occurrence and severity of <strong>hemorrhagic transformations<\/strong>. In this exclusive model, Alteplase loses its efficacy and can worsen ischemic damage. Fully aligned with STAIR recommendations, this comorbidityinclusive model is a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for <strong>evaluating the efficacy of your candidate<\/strong> alone or in combination, assessing associated <strong>hemorrhagic risk<\/strong>, and investigating <strong>pharmacological interactions<\/strong>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-192\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Proximal ischemic stroke models (MCAO)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Proximal ischemic strokes are reproduced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) at its initial segments. The induced lesion encompasses extensive cortical and subcortical areas, leading to persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and incomplete functional recovery. Use our MCAO models to evaluate the effects of your therapeutic strategy on longterm functional recovery, in alignment with STAIR recommendations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3494\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model \u2013 Mechanical ischemia\/reperfusion<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model relies on a transient mechanical occlusion of the MCA (tMCAO), reproducing cerebral ischemia followed by <strong>controlled reperfusion<\/strong>. As a <strong>historical<\/strong> and extensively documented model, it produces both cortical and subcortical lesions, enabling the evaluation of a <strong>wide range of therapeutic<\/strong> strategies against a pharmacological reference, as well as detailed exploration of their effects on tissue evolution and on longterm <strong>sensorimotor and cognitive recovery<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice and rats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3523\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model by autologous clot injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Injecting sizecalibrated autologous blood clots induces embolic occlusion of the proximal MCA segment. This model produces cortical and subcortical lesions similar to those observed in mechanical ischemia models. Mortality, deficit severity, and responsiveness to the reference fibrinolytic treatment (Alteplase) can be modulated by adjusting the amount of thrombotic material used for the embolic event. This original and wellcharacterized model enables the evaluation of a wide range of therapeutic strategies, together with longterm monitoring of functional recovery. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice and rats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3584\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model by autologous clot injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Injecting sizecalibrated autologous blood clots induces embolic occlusion of the proximal MCA segment. This model produces cortical and subcortical lesions similar to those observed in mechanical ischemia models. Mortality, deficit severity, and responsiveness to the reference fibrinolytic treatment (<strong>Alteplase<\/strong>) can be modulated by adjusting the amount of thrombotic material used for the embolic event. This original and wellcharacterized model enables the evaluation of a wide range of <strong>therapeutic strategies, together with longterm monitoring of functional recovery<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><a><\/a><a><\/a><a>ICH induced by collagenase injection <\/a>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides a valuable <strong>translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to evaluate the <strong>risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in rats<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/coronal_absolute-density-post-alcL3-Fire-ULM-1024x657.png\" alt=\"in vivo imaging coronal_absolute density post alcL3 Fire ULM\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-186\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Bleeding risk assessment              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection in diabetic animals<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p><a>This thrombotic model reproduces a h<strong>ighrisk clinical population<\/strong>, as diabetes increases lesion volumes as well as the occurrence and severity of <strong>hemorrhagic transformations<\/strong>. In this exclusive model, Alteplase loses its efficacy and can worsen ischemic damage. Fully aligned with STAIR recommendations, this comorbidityinclusive model is a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for <strong>evaluating the efficacy of your candidate<\/strong> alone or in combination, assessing associated <strong>hemorrhagic risk<\/strong>, and investigating <strong>pharmacological interactions<\/strong>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Tail bleeding assay<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>The tail bleeding test is a goldstandard assay used to evaluate <strong>hemostasis<\/strong> and <strong>platelet function<\/strong> <em>in vivo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p>This model is sensitive to anticoagulant and fibrinolytic treatments commonly administered in the clinic, such as heparin, direct oral anticoagulants, or Alteplase. This model supports the evaluation of candidate efficacy across multiple drug classes, such as anticoagulants, procoagulants, and antiplatelet agents.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">ICH induced by collagenase injection<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides <strong>a valuable translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to <strong>evaluate the risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stroke-invivo-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"stroke-invivo imaging-speckle\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-187\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Drug interactions              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a <strong>fibrinrich clot<\/strong> in the MCA. This clot is efficiently lysed by <strong>standard clinical fibrinolytics<\/strong> (Alteplase, Tenecteplase), reflecting the patient subgroup that responds to standard-of-care fibrinolytics. This makes the model a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for assessing the <strong>efficacy<\/strong> of your <strong>thrombolytic candidates<\/strong>. This model is also highly relevant for evaluating neuroprotective compounds in an experimental setting that closely mimics the clinical reality of the acute phase of stroke (with the presence of a thrombus and pharmacological recanalization achieved within a clinically relevant treatment window). It additionally enables the study of interactions with <strong>reference fibrinolytic treatments<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image.png\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"thrombin injection illustation in a rodent brain, showing clot and MCA-blue background\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image.png 501w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>                              <\/div>\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by FeCl\u2083 or AlCl\u2083 application<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a platelet\u2011rich clot that is resistant to standard fibrinolytics (Alteplase, Tenecteplase) but responsive to other thrombolytic agents such as N\u2011acetylcysteine. By reflecting the subpopulation of patients who fail to respond to standard\u2011of\u2011care treatments, this translational model is a powerful tool for assessing the efficacy and superiority of your candidates, combination therapies, and pharmacological interactions. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection in diabetic animals<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p><a>This thrombotic model reproduces a h<strong>ighrisk clinical population<\/strong>, as diabetes increases lesion volumes as well as the occurrence and severity of <strong>hemorrhagic transformations<\/strong>. In this exclusive model, Alteplase loses its efficacy and can worsen ischemic damage. Fully aligned with STAIR recommendations, this comorbidityinclusive model is a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for <strong>evaluating the efficacy of your candidate<\/strong> alone or in combination, assessing associated <strong>hemorrhagic risk<\/strong>, and investigating <strong>pharmacological interactions<\/strong>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model by autologous clot injection<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>Injecting sizecalibrated autologous blood clots induces embolic occlusion of the proximal MCA segment. This model produces cortical and subcortical lesions similar to those observed in mechanical ischemia models. Mortality, deficit severity, and responsiveness to the reference fibrinolytic treatment (<strong>Alteplase<\/strong>) can be modulated by adjusting the amount of thrombotic material used for the embolic event. This original and wellcharacterized model enables the evaluation of a wide range of <strong>therapeutic strategies, together with longterm monitoring of functional recovery<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><a><\/a><a><\/a><a>ICH induced by collagenase injection <\/a>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides a valuable <strong>translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to evaluate the <strong>risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in rats<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">ICH induced by collagenase injection<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides <strong>a valuable translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to <strong>evaluate the risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Hemostasis-and-coagulation.jpg\" alt=\"Hemostasis and coagulation illustration\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-188\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Hemostasis and blood coagulation              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Tail bleeding assay<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>The tail bleeding test is a goldstandard assay used to evaluate <strong>hemostasis<\/strong> and <strong>platelet function<\/strong> <em>in vivo<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n<p>This model is sensitive to anticoagulant and fibrinolytic treatments commonly administered in the clinic, such as heparin, direct oral anticoagulants, or Alteplase. This model supports the evaluation of candidate efficacy across multiple drug classes, such as anticoagulants, procoagulants, and antiplatelet agents. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/cro-services\/neurovascular-stroke\/in-vitro-models\/#cat-116\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>In vitro<\/em> model of hemostasis and coagulation<\/a><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/stroke-histology-violet-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"histology on brain for stroke pathology-purple-coloured\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-189\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Fibrinolytics and thrombolytics              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-209\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Distal ischemic stroke models                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Our distal ischemic stroke models are induced by thrombotic occlusion of the M2 branch of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). They generate a focal cortical lesion whose characterization has demonstrated strong translational value in the acute phase of stroke, compared with mechanical or chemical stroke models. Our distal ischemic stroke models are available in different versions depending on the nature of the thrombi (fibrinrich vs. plateletrich) or the presence of a comorbidity.<\/p>\n<p>These models are highly relevant for your POC, PK\/PD, superiority efficacy studies, combination therapy studies, pharmacological interaction assessments, and assessment of hemorrhagic transformation risk. Designed for evaluating therapeutic strategies targeting thrombi or neuroprotection, several reference compounds are available.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3491\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc has-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid \">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a <strong>fibrinrich clot<\/strong> in the MCA. This clot is efficiently lysed by <strong>standard clinical fibrinolytics<\/strong> (Alteplase, Tenecteplase), reflecting the patient subgroup that responds to standard-of-care fibrinolytics. This makes the model a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for assessing the <strong>efficacy<\/strong> of your <strong>thrombolytic candidates<\/strong>. This model is also highly relevant for evaluating neuroprotective compounds in an experimental setting that closely mimics the clinical reality of the acute phase of stroke (with the presence of a thrombus and pharmacological recanalization achieved within a clinically relevant treatment window). It additionally enables the study of interactions with <strong>reference fibrinolytic treatments<\/strong>.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                                  <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"501\" height=\"503\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image.png\" class=\"liste-modeles__acc-img wp-post-image\" alt=\"thrombin injection illustation in a rodent brain, showing clot and MCA-blue background\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image.png 501w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/image-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 501px) 100vw, 501px\" \/>                                <\/div>\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3493\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by FeCl\u2083 or AlCl\u2083 application<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model is induced by the formation of a platelet\u2011rich clot that is resistant to standard fibrinolytics (Alteplase, Tenecteplase) but responsive to other thrombolytic agents such as N\u2011acetylcysteine. By reflecting the subpopulation of patients who fail to respond to standard\u2011of\u2011care treatments, this translational model is a powerful tool for assessing the efficacy and superiority of your candidates, combination therapies, and pharmacological interactions. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3503\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">MCA occlusion by thrombin injection in diabetic animals<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p><a>This thrombotic model reproduces a h<strong>ighrisk clinical population<\/strong>, as diabetes increases lesion volumes as well as the occurrence and severity of <strong>hemorrhagic transformations<\/strong>. In this exclusive model, Alteplase loses its efficacy and can worsen ischemic damage. Fully aligned with STAIR recommendations, this comorbidityinclusive model is a key <strong>translational<\/strong> tool for <strong>evaluating the efficacy of your candidate<\/strong> alone or in combination, assessing associated <strong>hemorrhagic risk<\/strong>, and investigating <strong>pharmacological interactions<\/strong>.  <\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice.<\/strong><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-210\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Proximal ischemic stroke models (MCAO)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Proximal ischemic strokes are reproduced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) at its initial segments. The induced lesion encompasses extensive cortical and subcortical areas, leading to persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and incomplete functional recovery. Use our MCAO models to evaluate the effects of your therapeutic strategy on longterm functional recovery, in alignment with STAIR recommendations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3523\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model by autologous clot injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Injecting sizecalibrated autologous blood clots induces embolic occlusion of the proximal MCA segment. This model produces cortical and subcortical lesions similar to those observed in mechanical ischemia models. Mortality, deficit severity, and responsiveness to the reference fibrinolytic treatment (Alteplase) can be modulated by adjusting the amount of thrombotic material used for the embolic event. This original and wellcharacterized model enables the evaluation of a wide range of therapeutic strategies, together with longterm monitoring of functional recovery. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice and rats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-190\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Pulmonary embolism                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3519\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">Pulmonary embolism model induced by injection of autologous clots<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>The pulmonary embolism model induced by injection of autologous clots relies on preparing and injecting pre\u2011formed calibrated clots into the jugular vein to selectively obstruct the pulmonary arteries. This model reproduces the acute increase in pulmonary pressure observed in human clinical settings, along with significant stress on the right ventricle and secondary vascular remodeling. The severity of the condition can be adjusted based on the amount of thrombotic material used. Its strong reproducibility and rapid implementation make it suitable for quickly evaluating the efficacy of thrombolytic, vasodilatory, or cardioprotective treatments.   <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Rat model.<\/strong><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/stroke-invivo-fus-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"stroke-invivo imaging-fus\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-191\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Neuroprotection and functional recovery              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n                <h3 id=\"subcat-211\" class=\"liste-modeles__sub-title\">\r\n                  Proximal ischemic stroke models (MCAO)                <\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Proximal ischemic strokes are reproduced through occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) at its initial segments. The induced lesion encompasses extensive cortical and subcortical areas, leading to persistent sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and incomplete functional recovery. Use our MCAO models to evaluate the effects of your therapeutic strategy on longterm functional recovery, in alignment with STAIR recommendations.<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                \r\n                <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3494\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model \u2013 Mechanical ischemia\/reperfusion<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>This preclinical ischemic stroke model relies on a transient mechanical occlusion of the MCA (tMCAO), reproducing cerebral ischemia followed by <strong>controlled reperfusion<\/strong>. As a <strong>historical<\/strong> and extensively documented model, it produces both cortical and subcortical lesions, enabling the evaluation of a <strong>wide range of therapeutic<\/strong> strategies against a pharmacological reference, as well as detailed exploration of their effects on tissue evolution and on longterm <strong>sensorimotor and cognitive recovery<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in mice and rats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><a id=\"_msocom_1\"><\/a><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                  \r\n                    <details id=\"modele-3584\"\r\n                             class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                             >\r\n\r\n                      <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                        <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">tMCAO model by autologous clot injection<\/span>\r\n                      <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                                <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                  \n<p>Injecting sizecalibrated autologous blood clots induces embolic occlusion of the proximal MCA segment. This model produces cortical and subcortical lesions similar to those observed in mechanical ischemia models. Mortality, deficit severity, and responsiveness to the reference fibrinolytic treatment (<strong>Alteplase<\/strong>) can be modulated by adjusting the amount of thrombotic material used for the embolic event. This original and wellcharacterized model enables the evaluation of a wide range of <strong>therapeutic strategies, together with longterm monitoring of functional recovery<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n<p><a><\/a><a><\/a><a>ICH induced by collagenase injection <\/a>Stereotaxic injection of collagenase rapidly disrupts the vascular endothelium, inducing a reproducible hemorrhage with the formation of an intracerebral hematoma, accompanied by an inflammatory response and clear neurological deficits. This ICH model provides a valuable <strong>translational tool for assessing the efficacy of your drug candidates on bleeding, neuroinflammation, and neuroprotection<\/strong>. Depending on your needs, it also offers the possibility to evaluate the <strong>risk of rebleeding<\/strong> or the effectiveness of antidotes across a panel of reference anticoagulants and fibrinolytics.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Validated model available in rats<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                                \r\n                                                                  <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                    <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                      Get the data sheet                                    <\/a>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n                                                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                            <\/div>\r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      \r\n                    <\/details>\r\n                                  <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n        <article class=\"liste-modeles__section\">\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-head\">\r\n            <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-headtop\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                  <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-badge-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/pk-pd-molecule-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"pk-pd-molecule illustration\">\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <h2 id=\"cat-193\" class=\"liste-modeles__section-title\">\r\n                Pharmacokinetics (PK) and neuro-PK              <\/h2>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-desc\"><p>Our pharmacokinetic studies are based on flexible kinetic models tailored to your drug candidate. We analyze standard biological matrices (plasma, serum, CSF) as well as key organs or anatomical regions to accurately characterize your molecule\u2019s tissue exposure. These robust and customizable approaches provide a solid foundation for your preclinical decisions.\u202f<\/p>\n<\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n\r\n          <div class=\"liste-modeles__section-body\">\r\n\r\n            \r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"liste-modeles__accordions\">\r\n                \r\n                  <details class=\"liste-modeles__acc no-media \"\r\n                           >\r\n                    <summary class=\"liste-modeles__acc-summary\" >\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\u2193<\/span>\r\n                      <span class=\"liste-modeles__acc-title\">PK model<\/span>\r\n                    <\/summary>\r\n\r\n                                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel\">\r\n                        <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-panel-inner\">\r\n                          <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-grid is-full\">\r\n\r\n                            <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-content\">\r\n                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__acc-text\">\r\n                                \n<p>We offer studies tailored to your PK and Neuro-PK needs, covering various administration routes (subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intravenous, oral, intranasal, etc.) in both acute and chronic treatment paradigms. The <strong>bioavailability of your molecules<\/strong> is quantified across different compartments\u2014including blood, brain, cerebrospinal fluid, or any other tissue of interest. This approach provides reliable data to support decision-making and accelerate the development of your therapeutic candidates.  <\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Available in mice, rats, and pigs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p><\/p>\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n                              \r\n                                                              <div class=\"liste-modeles__btnwrap\">\r\n                                  <a class=\"btn_secondary\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/en\/contact\/\">\r\n                                    Get the data sheet                                  <\/a>\r\n                                <\/div>\r\n                                                          <\/div>\r\n\r\n                            \r\n                          <\/div>\r\n                        <\/div>\r\n                      <\/div>\r\n                                      <\/details>\r\n\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              \r\n            \r\n          <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/article>\r\n      \r\n    \r\n  <\/div>\r\n<\/section><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<section id=\"nos-plateformes\" class=\"nos-plateformes alignfull is-theme-light\">\r\n\r\n  <!-- GRID -->\r\n      <div class=\"nos-plateformes__gridZone\">\r\n      <div class=\"nos-plateformes__container\">\r\n\r\n        <div class=\"np-grid\" role=\"list\" aria-label=\"Liste des plateformes\">\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#high-content-imaging\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Plateforme_Vitro_Pastille-High-Content-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"high content imaging results neurology\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">High-Content Imaging<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">ETAP-LAB provides a wide range of morphological and functional readouts within complex cellular models through High-Content Imaging technologies. Using the Operetta CLS&trade; platform (Revvity), we automate medium&#8209;throughput fluorescence imaging and integrate AI&#8209;enhanced image&#8209;analysis pipelines to deliver rapid, high&#8209;accuracy quantification of large datasets. Entrust your screening and lead-optimization campaigns to an expert team.<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#brain-on-chip-platform\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Plateforme_Vitro_High-Content_Photo-3_Quantif-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"high content imaging of in vitro results\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Brain\u2011on\u2011Chip platform<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">For several years, ETAP&#8209;LAB has been investing in R&amp;D programs aimed to engineer and scale-up brain&#8209;on&#8209;chip platforms, contributing to their routine adoption in preclinical CNS pharmacology. Built on compartmentalized microfluidic architectures, our brain&#8209;on&#8209;chip systems recreate the connectivity between spatially distinct neuronal populations maintained in different controlled microphysiological environments. This approach overcomes key limitations inherent to [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#small-and-large-animal-facilities\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/ETL-EN-1-header-2-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"red light animal room\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Small and Large Animal Facilities<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">ETAP&#8209;LAB operates 1,000 m&sup2; of fully accredited facilities (A1\/A2 level), distributed across three sites with a total housing capacity of approximately 1,200 rodents. Our facilities are also authorized for Class 1 genetically modified mice and immunodeficient strains (NUDE and humanized). Each facility includes controlled&#8209;environment housing rooms, dedicated zootechnical areas, microsurgery platforms, and experimental rooms fully [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#preclinical-medical-imaging\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/photo-3-bis-CAEN.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"irm live on a screen\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Preclinical Medical Imaging<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">Through our long&#8209;standing partnership with the CYCERON imaging platform in Caen, located directly next to our facilities, we have privileged access to state&#8209;of&#8209;the&#8209;art medical imaging tools within an internationally recognized infrastructure. ETAP&#8209;LAB teams &ndash; trained, autonomous, and experienced &ndash; routinely use the following systems: A 7T MRI for high&#8209;resolution anatomical and functional imaging in rodents, [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#immunohistochemistry-immunofluorescence-and-histology\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/galeriephoto-microscopie-violet-Laboratoire-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"microscopy-violet-Laboratory\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Immunohistochemistry, Immunofluorescence, and Histology<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">Our fully integrated IHC, immunofluorescence, and histology platform manages the entire workflow &ndash; from tissue collection to data interpretation &ndash; ensuring coordination with our in vivo platform and preserving sample integrity throughout. This end-to-end know-how enables reduced turnaround times and reliable analyses across a panel of pre-validated biomarkers. We process frozen tissues, including cryo&#8209;embedding and [&hellip;]<\/div>\r\n                              <\/div>\r\n\r\n              <span class=\"np-item__arrow\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\r\n                <svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"42\" height=\"42\" viewBox=\"0 0 42 42\" fill=\"none\">\r\n                  <g clip-path=\"url(#clip0_np_arrow)\">\r\n                    <path d=\"M32.897 8.58183L15.4112 8.90396L15.3839 10.3675L28.9215 10.1176C29.4568 10.1091 29.7131 10.7504 29.3282 11.1353L8.07416 32.3894L9.0895 33.4047L30.342 12.1522C30.7269 11.7673 31.3697 12.0221 31.3597 12.5589L31.1098 26.0965L32.5734 26.0692L32.8955 8.58336L32.897 8.58183Z\"\r\n                          fill=\"currentColor\"\/>\r\n                  <\/g>\r\n                  <defs>\r\n                    <clipPath id=\"clip0_np_arrow\">\r\n                      <rect width=\"34.3869\" height=\"24.2731\" fill=\"white\" transform=\"translate(0 24.3152) rotate(-45)\"\/>\r\n                    <\/clipPath>\r\n                  <\/defs>\r\n                <\/svg>\r\n              <\/span>\r\n\r\n            <\/a>\r\n\r\n          \r\n            <a class=\"np-item\" role=\"listitem\" href=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/services-cro\/nos-plateformes\/#immunoassays\">\r\n\r\n                              <div class=\"np-item__img\">\r\n                  <img\r\n                    src=\"https:\/\/www.etap-lab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/Plateforme_Analyses-bio_Pastille-Immunodosage_Plaque-coloree-1024x683.jpg\"\r\n                    alt=\"bioassay Colorimetric Immunoassay purple\"\r\n                    loading=\"lazy\"\r\n                    decoding=\"async\"\r\n                  >\r\n                <\/div>\r\n              \r\n              <div class=\"np-item__content\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"np-item__title\">Immunoassays<\/h3>\r\n\r\n                                  <div class=\"np-item__desc\">Our integrated immunoassay platform ensures a continuous workflow coordinated with our in vitro and in vivo platforms, enabling uncompromised sample integrity, shortening timelines, and delivering reliable analyses across a panel of prevalidated biomarkers. 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